Current Affairs 2018 - 2

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The foundation of Nobel Prize was laid by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist on 27th November 1895. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in the year 1901, that is five years after Nobel Alfred’s death. A series of prizes in the fields of Literature, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, and Peace. A 6th prize, in Economics, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (the Swedish central bank) and is known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel.

Nobel Prize Winners 2018 

Medicine or Physiology 

• James P. Allison & Tasuku Honjo :- For the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation

Physics 

• Arthur Ashkin :- For the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems
• Gerard Mourou & Donna Strickland :- For their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses.

Chemistry

• Frances H. Arnold :- For the directed evolution of enzymes 
• George P. Smith & Sir Gregory P. Winter :- For the phage display of peptides and antibodies 

Peace

• Denis Mukwege  & Nadia Murad :-  For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict 

Economics

• Paul M. Romer :-  For integrating technological innovations into the long-run macroeconomic analysis 
• William D. Nordhaus :- For integrating climate change into the long-run macroeconomic analysis